本文主要介绍初中英语语法动词专项知识中动词的分类，重点讲解其中的实义动词，连系动词和助动词。

◎考点直击

1.动词的分类
（1）实义动词
（2）连系动词
（3）助动词
（4）情态动词
2.动词的时态和语态
3.主动语态与被动语态详解
4.主谓一致性原则
5.非谓语动词

◎ 名师点睛

初中英语语法动词专项要考的所有知识分散在初一、初二、初三各册中，其考查题型有：选择填空，完形填空，综合填空，书面表达等。由于考点多，对于初中生来说，应该加以重视，并认真学习！

◎ 动词专项学习

（一）动词的分类

动词是表示行为或状态的词，按其含义和功能可分四类：实义动词，连系动词，助动词，情态动词。

1.实义动词

实义动词也称行为动词，指有实在的意义，能独立作谓语。实义动词有如下几个要点：

【实战练习 I 】

选择填空。

1.—Don't forget to call me as soon as you ______ Australia.

—OK, I'll do it when I ______ .

A.arrive; reach
B.get; arrive
C.reach; arrive

2.They often ______ music in their free time.

A.listen
B.listen to
C.hear

3.Tom, ______ the shelves ! Can you ______ some books ?

A.look; see
B.look at; read
C.look at; see

4.We ______ our key everywhere, but we can't ______ it.

A.look for；look
B.find; look for
C.look for; find

5.—May I use your dictionary ?
—Sorry. I ______ it at home.

A.forget
B.left
C.have forgotten

【参考答案】

1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B

【实战练习 II 】

选择填空。

1.You can ______ my bike for 3 days.

A.borrow
B.have
C.keep

2.I have ______ the book for one week.

A.borrowed
B.bought
C.had

3.How long have you ______ Greener China?

A.joined
B.been a member of
C.become

4.When it is 8:00 o'clock, the train ______ for a long time.

A.has left
B.had left
C.has been away

5.The factory ______ since ten years ago.

A.has opened
B.opened
C.has been open

【参考答案】

1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C

2.连系动词

连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，可以与后边的表语一起构成谓语。(表语通常由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语等充当)连系动词加表语结构当谓语说明主语的身份、状态、性质、特征等。

3.助动词

助动词（部分情态动词除外）本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成疑问句、否定句、谓语动词的时态与语态以及作代动词等。

【实战练习 III 】

选择填空。

1.Lily ______ as carefully as Lucy.

A.is
B.writes
C.write

2.These flowers ______ nice and ______ well.

A.looks; sells
B.look; sell
C.sell; look

3.The dirty river ______ .

A.is smelt bad
B.smells badly
C.smells bad

4.I ______ for an important phone call at the moment.

A.waited
B.was waiting
C.am waiting

5.He ______ his cat when I arrived at his home.

A.cleaned
B.has cleaned
C.was cleaning

6.The building ______ ten years ago,but it still looks new now.

A.was built
B.built
C.is built

7.Bill ______ caught up with his brother yet.

A.wasn't
B.hasn't
C.doesn't

8. ______ you free tomorrow?

A.Do
B.can
C.Are

9.—When ______ you ______ your old friend?
—The day before yesterday.

A.are; visiting
B.did; visit
C.have; visited

10.—Who broke that window?
—I ______ .

A.do
B.broke
C.did

11.Tom usually takes a bus there, so he ______ .

A.does
B.is
C.has

12.I have seen the movie, so ______ Lily.Because we went to cinema together yesterday.

A.have
B.does
C.has

【参考答案】

1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C