[语法][高中]动词与动词短语(四)

动词与动词短语,高考有5个考点,本文主要介绍第4个考点:常用动词的固定搭配。

动词用来表示主语做什么、是什么或怎么样,在句中单独或帮助构成谓语。动词作谓语时,必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致(见语法主谓一致)、具有时态、语态的变化(见语法动词的时态和语态)、还具有表示语气方面的语法特征(见语法虚拟语气)。动词短语是指英语中有相当多的动词常和其他词类一起连用,构成一个固定词组,可看成一个整体,同一般实义动词一样使用。

高考考点

  1. 动词的分类及用法
  2. 动词的形式
  3. 动词及动词短语辨析
  4. 常用动词的固定搭配
  5. 动词的灵活运用

常用的动词短语的构成

  1. 动词+副词

break out爆发

carry on进行

put forward提出

  1. 动词+介词

care for关心

break through突破

look through浏览

  1. 动词十副词+介词

look down upon看不起

put up with忍受

do away with废除

break away from摆脱

  1. 动词+名词+介词

pay attention to注意

catch hold of抓住

get rid of处理

  1. be十形容词+介词

    be fond of喜欢

    be familiar with熟悉

    be suitable for适合

    be accustomed to习惯于

  2. 动词+名词

keep watch站岗,放哨

take aim瞄准

play truant逃学

  1. 动词+宾语+介词十名词

turn... to advantage有效利用

set… in operation使……付诸实施

take… into account把……考虑进去

  1. 动词+宾语+介词+宾语

make...into... 把……制成……

combine...with...把……与……结合

free...from...使……兔于……

protect...from...使……免受……

高考高频动词短语

1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组

accuse… of…控告/指控某人犯有……罪

add to增添

add up加起来

add up to加起来达……,合计达……

adapt… to使……适应

adiust... to使……适应

agree with同意某人意见(接sb或idea,view等),适应,与……一致

agree to (one's plan/proposal)同意某人的计划或提议

answer for对……负责

apply for申请,请求

appeal for恳求,呼吁

approve of赞成

attach… to…将……系在……,使隶属/附属于……,将……缚在……

absorbed in埋头于……,专心于……

apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉

addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷恋……

accustomed to( =get used to= be used to)习惯于……

annoyed with sb at/about sth因某事生某人的气

admitted to/into获准进入……,被……录取

2.以break为中心的词组

break away from脱离,逃离,打破

break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱

break in闯进,打断;使顺服

break into闯入,强行进入,突然开始

break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚

break off打断,断绝,折断,突然终止

break through突破,克服,挤过去

break up vt.开垦,破碎,解散,分解vi.结束

3.以build为中心的词组

build on/upon建立在……上,依赖,指望

build up增加,增进,建成,振兴

4.以burst为中心的词组

burst in闯进,突然出现

burst into闯进,突然……起来,突然发出

burst into tears/laughter号啕大哭/放声大笑

burst out进发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊

burst out crying/laughing号啕大哭/放声大笑

5.以bring为中心的词组

bring about导致,引起,促使

bring back带回,使回忆,使恢复

bring down使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落

bring forward提出

bring into action使行动起来,使生效

bring into effect/practice完成,实现,实施

bring out拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产

bring up抚养,养育,培养,使停止

6.以call为中心的词组

call at访问(某地),停泊在

call away叫走,把(注意力)转移开

call for需要,要求,接(某人)

call in召集,收集,请入,引人

call off取消,下令停止

call on拜访(某人),号召

call out大声喊,唤起

call up打电话给……,召集,使想起

7.以carry为中心的词组

carry about随身携带

carry away冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑

carry back拿回,运回,使想起

carry...into effect/practice执行,实行,实现,完成

carry off带走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)

carry on坚持,继续,进行

carry out贯彻,执行,实施,完成

carry through坚持到底,贯彻,完成

8.以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing被发现做某事

be caught in the rain淋雨

catch/take fire着火

be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞

catch one's word听懂某人的话

catch sight of发现,瞥见

catch sb.'s attention引起某人注意

catch the point of抓住……的要点

9.以clear为中心的词组

clear away扫除,消除

clear off清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停

clear out清除,扫出

clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除

10.以come为中心的词组

come about发生,改变方向

come across偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付

come at达到,求得,得到,扑向,袭击

come back回来;恢复,复原

come down倒下,降落,跌落,病倒

come into being发生,产生,出现,形成

come into power开始执政,兰5权,当选

come into effect/force开始生效,开始实行

come into existence形成,产生,开始存在

come into fashion开始流行

come into operation开始运转,实施,生效

come into use开始使用,获得应用

come round/around拜访,绕道

come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐,说到/提及到

come to an agreement达成协议

come to a conclusion得出结论

come to a decision作出决定

come to an end终止,结束

come to a stop结束,停止,停顿

ome to an understanding取得谅解

when it comes to...就……而论,谈到

come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白

come to life苏醒,栩栩如生

come to light明朗化,出现,显露出来

come to oneself苏醒

come true实现,成为现实;证实

come up走近,上楼,流行起来,发芽,上来,(问题)被提出,(风浪)猛烈起来

11.以compare为中心的词组

be compared to被比作,与……相比

be compared with与……相比

beyond/without compare无可比拟的,无法比较的

compare notes with和……交换意见/核对笔记

compare… to…把……比作,把……与……相比

compare...with…把……与……相比

12.以devote为中心的词组

be devoted to贡献给,致力于

devote one's attention to专心于

devote oneself/one's life to献身于,致力于

devote to献身于,专心于

13.以divide为中心的词组

be divided by...被……除

be divided on...对于……有分歧

divide sth among/between...在……之间分配

divide A from B把A同B分开

divide… into…把……分成

divide up分割,瓜分,划分,分配

14.以die为中心的词组

die away渐熄(减弱,消失)侧重于减弱直至“消失”(尤其指声音,光,风)

die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)

die of死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因)

die from死于(灾害、事故等外因)

die off死去

die out灭绝,消失,熄灭

15.以do为中心的词组

do a good deed做一件好事

do the deed付诸行动,生效

do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费

do/cause damage to损害

do good to(= do sb good)有益于

do harm to (=40 sb harm)有害于

do wrong to (=do sb wrong)冤枉某人

do one's best/utmost尽某人最大努力

do sb a favor/do a favor for sb帮助某人

do up捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新

do with忍受,处理(对比:deal with)

do without不需要……也行,不用

16.以drive为中心的词组

drive away vi.开车走掉vt.赶走,驱赶

drive off驱散

drive out逐出,乘车出去

drive through乘车穿过(街道等)

drive sb mad使某人发疯

17.以fall为中心的词组

fall ill/asleep/silent生病/睡着/沉默

fall back撤退,后退

fall behind落后,落伍,落在后面

fall down倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败

fall in love with...爱上(某人)

fall into a habit of养成……习惯

fall off掉下,衰退,减少

fall to pieces破碎,崩溃,瓦解

fall into ruins成为废墟

18.以fix为中心的词组

fix a date/time for…为……安排日期/时间

fix up修理,安装,安排,建造,提供

fix on/upon确定,决定

fix one's eyes on/upon注视,凝视

fix one's attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在

19.以get为中心的词组

get about徘徊,走动,旅行;流传

get accustomed to习惯于,对……习以为常

get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解

get ahead of胜过,超过

get along前进,进步;同意;离去,相处

get along with与……相处

get around走动,传播,影响,说服

get away离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假

get back取回,回来;报复

get close to接近,靠近

get down to认真对待,静下心来

get/catch/seize/take hold of获得,取得,抓住

get in touch with...与……取得联系

get into/out of debt欠债/不欠债

get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车,动身

get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成

get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱

get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格

get together积聚,积累:商谈,取得一致意见

20.以give为中心的词组

give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发

give back归还,反射

give forth发出,放出,发表

give in屈服,让步,投降

give off发出(烟,气味)

give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力vi.用完

give rise to引起,导致;使……发生

give up放弃;停止

give way to让步,退却;屈服于

given that…假定,给定,已知

21.以go为中心的词组

go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传

go across度过,越过

go after追逐,追求,跟随

go against反对,不利于

go ahead前进,进展,继续

go all about鼓足干劲,全力以赴

go along with...陪伴,和……一道走

go back to追溯至

go bad变坏,腐败

go beyond超过,胜过

go by经过,过去

go down下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静

go for支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)

go in for喜欢,参加,赞成,从事,为……而努力

go into进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究

go off走开,爆炸

go on继续,接下去

go on to do接着做(另一件事)

go on doing继续做(同一件事)

go on with…继续做,忍受

go out出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休

go over温习,检查,越过

go through审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受

go up上升,上涨,攀登

go without无需,没有……也行

go wrong出故障,走错路

22.以hold为中心的词组

hold back隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留

hold to/by坚持,固守

hold down压制,压低,缩减

hold off耽搁,不接近,离开

hold out伸出,提出,支持,主张

hold up举起,竖起,支持,使停滞

hold with和……意见一致,赞成

23.以keep为中心的词组

keep away (from)不接近,避开,远离

keep back阻止,扣留,隐瞒

keep company with...和……结交

keep… from…阻止

keep in mind记住

keep in touch with...与……保持联系/不断接触

keep off不接近,远离

keep on doing继续,不停地做

keep one's balance保持平衡

keep out使……不入内

keep pace with...跟上,同……步调一致

keep up继续,坚持,保持,维持

keep up with…赶上,跟上,与……并肩前进

keep watch守望,值班,注意

24.以lay为中心的词组

lay aside把……放在一边,抛弃,贮藏

lay down放下,使躺卞,放弃,牺牲

lay off(暂时)解雇,放弃,停止

lay out花费,投资,布置

25.以leave为中心的词组

leave about乱放,乱丢

leave alone听任,任其自然

leave… as it is听其自然

leave behind留下,忘记携带

leave for(离开某地)去某地

leave out省去,遗漏,不把……计算在内

leave off停止,脱去,戒除

leave office离职,下台

leave over留下,剩下,延期

leave room for为……让出地方

leave school毕业

leave sth to/with sb把……交给/留给某人

leave sb sth把……交给/留给某人

leave word/a message留言,留信

26.以look为中心的词组

look about四下环顾;查看

look after照顾,看管

look around东张西望

look back on/upon...回顾

look down on/upon俯视;轻视

look forward to盼望,期待

look into窥视,调查,浏览

look on/upon旁观;面向

look on/upon… as…把……看作

look out向外看,注意,当心,提防

look over从上面看过去,检查,忽略

look through透过……看去,看穿,浏览,彻底调查

look to面向,注意

look up查阅,仰视,涨价

look up to仰望,尊敬

27.以make为中心的词组

be made from由……原料制成

be made (out) of由……材料制成

be made up of由……组成

make an appointment with sb与……约定

make a difference有差别,有关系,很重要

make a fool of愚弄,欺骗

make a point阐述观点

make a point of doing强调,决心,坚持

make a will立下遗嘱

make advantages/use of使用,利用

make believe假装

make certain/sure确信,把……弄清楚

make contact with接通,与……接触,与……联系

make for去向,向……前进;有利于

make oneself at home随便,别拘束

make oneself understood让别人理解自己

make out填写,开支票,理解,辨认

make preparations for为……做准备

make the best/most of尽量利用;极为重视

make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占……比例

make up to接近,巴结;向……求爱

make way for为……让路,让路于

make it就这么定了,成功,达到预定目标,赶到

28.以meet为中心的词组

eet the need/demand/requirement of满足……需要

meet with偶然碰见,遭受

meet… by chance/accident偶然碰见

make ends meet使收支相抵

29.以owe为中心的词组

owe… to…把……归功于,把……归因于

owe much to多亏了,在很大程度上归功于

owe it to... that…归功于,幸亏

owe sb sth(= owe sth to sb)欠某人……

30.以pass为中心的词组

pass away去世,(时间)过去

pass by经过,(时间)过去

pass on/upon传递,通过

pass out of one's mind被人忘掉

pass over忽视,置之不理

pass through经历,经过,贯穿

31.以pick为中心的词组

pick one's words精选用词

pick out挑出,辨别出

pick up接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,收拾,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识

pick up with...结识,与……交朋友

32.以put为中心的词组

put aside把……放在一边;搁置;排除

put away把……放好,把……收拾;储藏

put back把……放回原处;拨回

put down放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落

put an end to结束,终止,废除

put forward提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡

put in驶入,进入

put...( down) in writing把……写下来

put… into把……放人:插入;翻译成

put… into use应用

put... into practice把……付诸于实践

put... into action把……付诸于实践,实施,使生效

put… into effect把……付诸于实践,实施,使生效

put… into operation将……投入生产,实施,开动

put… into production将……投产,开始生产

put off推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下

put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐

put one's heart into全神贯注,专心致志

put out熄灭,伸出,拿出,制造,刺杀

put through完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过

put up举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列

put up with忍受,容忍

33.以refer为中心的词组

refer to指,提及,参考,查阅

be referred to和……有关,归功于,被提交……处理

refer oneself to…依赖,求助于

refer to… as把……称作,认为……是

34.以see为中心的词组

see after照料,照顾

see into识透,调查

see out送某人到门口/屋外

see off送行

see through看透,识破,支持(某人)到底

see to照顾,处理,注意

see to it that...照料,努力使,注意把

seeing that…因为,鉴于,既然

35.以send为中心的词组

send away解雇,赶走,把……送往远处

send down把……向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)

send for派人去叫/请/拿

send off发出,寄出,解雇,送别

send out发出,散发,长出(树叶等)

send up发射,使上升,向上传递

send word通知,转告,捎信

36.以set为中心的词组

be set in以……为背景

set about (doing)着手,开始

set an example to sb给某人树立个榜样

set aside取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝

set back把(钟表)往回拨

set down放下,卸下,登记,记载

set fire to(=set… on fire)放火烧毁

set free释放(某人)

set off vi.出发vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)

set out vi.出发.vt.开始,着手(to do),布置

set up建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)

37.以take为中心的词组

take a chance/ an opportunity碰运气,抓机会

take a seat坐下,就座

take a shower淋浴,洗澡

take advantage of利用,乘……之便

take after仿效,与……相似,长得像

take aim瞄准,设立目标

take away拿走,减去,夺去

take back收回,取消

take… by surprise出奇制胜,突袭

take sb by surprise使惊讶

take care to do务必做,留心做

take… for/as把……当作

take charge of负责,主管

take down取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒

take effect生效,起作用

take… for example以……为例

take… for granted认为……理所当然

take in吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会

take… into account/consideration考虑,重视

take it/things easy别紧张,从容

take measures/steps采取措施

take off vt.脱去,除去vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名

take office就职,上任

take on呈现,雇佣,承担,担任

take one's place入席,代替,就位

take one's time (to do)慢慢做

take out拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)

take over接管,接任,接收

take possession of占有,拥有

take the place of代替

take the shape of呈/取……的形状

take the size of量……的尺寸

take pride in以……为荣,对……骄傲

take... seriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待

take sb by the arm拉某人的胳膊

take sb in one's arms拥抱某人

take turns (to do)轮流做

take up for袒护

take up with致力于,忍受,对……发生兴趣

38.以think为中心的词组

think about考虑

think aloud自言自语

think highly/well/much/a lot of对……评价很高

think little/ill/nothing of轻视,看不起

think of想,想着,想做

think of… as把……看作

think out仔细考虑,想通

think over仔细考虑

think through想通

think to oneself沉思,暗自想

think up想出,想通,想起

39.以turn为中心的词组

turn away把……打发走,解雇,转脸不睬,使转变方向

take one's turn to do轮到做

turn a blind eye to对……视而不见

turn a deaf to对……充耳不闻

turn against背叛,采取敌对态度

turn back折回,往回走

turn down折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑

turn into走进;变成,变为

turn to... for help求助于

turn off关上,解雇,避开(问题)

turn on打开;反对;依靠,依赖,取决于

turn one's attention to把注意力转向

turn out培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是

turn out to be原来是,证明是,结果是

turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页,改过自新

turn (a)round旋转,转过身来;改变意见

turn to变成;着手于

turn upside down颠倒过来,翻过来

40.以watch为中心的词组

watch out (for)当心,监视,注意,提防

watch over查看,监视,看守

watch one's step当心,留心

例题

  1. While we were listening to the speech attentively, a voice ______ to announce the result of the election.

    A.broke in

    B.broke up

    C.broke off

    D.broke down

答案:A。考查动词短语辨析。break in插嘴,打断;break up打碎,解散;break off折断;break down垮掉,出故障。句意:当我们专心地聆听演讲时,一个声音插进来,宣布了选举结果。