[语法][初中]代词专项 II
本文主要介绍初中英语语法代词专项知识中的2大要点，其中包括：相互代词、不定代词。
◎考点直击
1.人称代词
2.物主代词
3.反身代词
4.指示代词
5.相互代词
6.不定代词
7.疑问代词
8.关系代词
名师点睛
初中英语语法代词专项要考的所有知识分散在初一、初二、初三各册课文中，其考查题型有：选择填空，完形填空，综合填空，书面表达等。由于考点多，应该加以重视，并认真学习！
(五)相互代词
1.用来表示相互关系的代词，只有each other(两者间）和one another（两者以上之间）两组，在实际应用中一般不去区分其差异。
They usually help each other/one another.
2.相互代词在句中不能当主语，所有格形式each other's, one another's只能用作定语，表示所属关系。
They borrow each other’s notes, and stay in one another’s houses.
◎实战练习
选择填空。
1.Liu Hai and Tom are good friends. They often help_______.
A.another one
B.each other
C.another
2.We received ________ postcards before Christmas.
A.another one
B.one another
C.another
参考答案：
1.B 2.B
(六)不定代词
不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词，具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数的区别；一般在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some、any、no、every+ -thing、-body、-one构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语；every和no只能作定语。
1.辨析the other，other，the others，others，another的用法
◎实战练习
选用所给词的适当形式填空。
the other，other，the others，others，another
1.I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and_________ is a teacher.
2.Some of us like singing and dancing. _______ are fond of sports.
3.This boy is very smart. He may be ________ Edison(爱迪生）.
4.Half of the books are here. Please give me _________.
5.Do you have any _________ questions?
6.I want a pen, but I don’t like this one. Please show me ________.
7.Can you think of ________ ways to deal with it?
参考答案：
1.the other 2.Others 3.another 4.the others 5.other 6.another 7.other
注意：
♦ other和another都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”，但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”，相当于“数词+more+复数名词”的用法；而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”（数词为one,那么one可以省略)。
(8)They will have two more meetings next month. = They will have another two meetings next month.
♦ the others与others后不再跟名词，也可以说：(the) others = (the) other +名词 。【可以查阅表格中的例句】
♦ any other也是形容词作定语，但后只能加名词单数，意思是“任何其他的”这个情况下，也就是“比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数”可以表示最高级的意思，这个词组是用于主语和与之比较的名词在同一范围内，才能说是任何其他的；如果是不同范围就直接用any表示任何的，后面可单可复。
(9)It’s more lovely than any other toy in my room.
在我的房间里，它比其他任何玩具可爱。
(它与其他玩具在同一范围。）
(10)Shanghai is bigger than any city in Hubei.
上海比湖北任何一个城市都大。 (上海与湖北任何一个城市不在同一范围。）
◎实战练习
选择填空。
1.I'll leave here in ________ two days.
A.other
B.another
C.more
2.He is taller than ________ boy of the class.
A.any other
B.any
C.other
3.Chongqing is bigger than ________ in China, and it is also bigger than ________ in Japan.
A.any other cities, any other city
B.any other city, any other cities
C.any other city, any city
参考答案：
1.B 2.A 3.C
2.辨析each和every的用法
注意：
♦ each 可以跟of连用，但every不可以跟of连用。
(7) Each of students has got a new book.
♦ every可以与not连用构成部分否定，意思是“并不/非人人”，而each则不可以与not连用。全部否定是no one ，意思是“个个都不”、“没有人”。
(8) Not every people like eating vegetables. Some children hate to eat them.
♦ 表示“每隔……”、“每……”，要用“every＋基数词＋复数名词”。这种结构中的every不能用each替代。
(9) The Olympic games are held every four years.
♦ each单独作主语；each，every修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式；但each of them作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。
(10) Each carries his own bag.
(11) Each/Every boy has got a new computer.
(10) Each of them are/is here.
◎实战练习
选词填空。
each, every
1.Our headteacher had a talk with _________ of us .
2.Not _________ person likes sweets.
3.The children can have a bag _________ .
4.There are many shops on _________ side of the street .
5.We hand in our homework _________ three days .
参考答案：
1.each 2.every 3.each 4.each 5.every
3.辨析some和any的用法
注意：
♦ 当any用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个”
(6)Any student can answer this question because it is quite easy.
♦ 当some修饰可数名词单数，表示未确指的人、事物或地点“某一”。
(7)I hope I will be able to fly to space some day.
◎实战练习
选词填空。
some, any
1.There are ________ people walking in the park every evening.
2.I didn’t eat ________ apples, and I do not like ________ of it.
3.Could I have ________ more bread, please?
4.Are there ________ stamps in the drawer?
5.There are many people in the park. ________ are talking happily.
6.Would you like ________ soup?
7.He hopes that he could fly to the Mars ________ day.
8.She is taller than ________ other girl in her class.
参考答案：
1.some 2.any any 3.some 4.any 5.Some 6.some 7.some 8.any
4.辨析all，both，either，none，neither的用法
注意：
♦ 在习惯搭配both…and…，either…or…，neither…nor…中，both、either、neither此时为连词。
♦ 另外， either还可以作副词，用在否定句中，词义为：“也”。
(11) He didn’t go to America. I didn’t go there, either.
◎实战练习
选词填空。
all, both, either, none, neither
1.A:Which would you like to drink, water or tea?
B: ________ of them is OK. I don't mind them.
- ________ of my parents has been to Beijing, so they want to travel there the first time this summer holiday.
3.______ of the twins are clever. They are good at their lessons.
4.On _________ side of the street, there are many tall buildings.
5.________ the two boys get up early. They want to catch the bus.
6.John has many friends, but _________ of them is a worker.
7.We come from China. _________ of us are Chinese.
8.If you don't go, I won't _________ .
参考答案：
1.Either 2.Neither 3.Both 4.either 5.Both 6.none 7.All 8.either
5.辨析many和much的用法
注意：
♦ much作副词时，则可用于修饰动词或形容词或副词的比较级。
(5) He exercises much in his free time.
(6) John is much taller than Jack.
◎实战练习
选词填空。
many， much
1.I don't eat ________ for supper every evening.
2.There are ________ apples on the trees in fall.
3.There is ________ water in the lake in spring.
4.After a long walk, ________ of them are tired.
5.He knew__________about me because he was a friend of mine.
6.The sun is ________ bigger than the earth.
参考答案：
1.much 2.many 3.much 4.many 5.much 6.much
6.辨析few，a few，little，a little的用法
注意：
♦ little、a little作副词时，则可用于修饰动词，a little还可用于修饰形容词或副词及其相应的比较级。
(9) Mr. Wang smokes a little, but his brother smokes little.
(10) Mr. Wang usually gets up a little earlier than his brother in the morning.
◎实战练习
选词填空。
few, a few, little, a little
1.Most students walk to school. Very ________ students ride bikes.
2.Could I ask you ________ questions?
3.I don’t want much water ,only ________ .
4.There is ________ salt. Could you buy some for me ?
5.This is ________ better than that one.
6.Will you please speak up______ so that everybody will hear you.
7.Quite__________teenagers have hearing loss because of listening to loud music.
参考答案：
1.few 2.a few 3.a little 4.little 5.a little 6.a little 7.a few
7.辨析one，that，it的用法
◎实战练习
选择所给词的适当形式填空。
one, that, it
（注意他们相应的复数形式：ones, those, they/them）
1.You promised to write a novel. You must do______.
2.—Do you still keep the pictures?
—No, I have sold ______.
3.—Do you have a watch?
—Yes, I have a very good ______.
4.—Do you have pens?
—Yes, I can lend ______ to you.
5.The population of Shanghai is larger than ______ of Beijing.
6.Look at the books. I mean the ________ on the desk.
7.The cakes with meat are different from______ with sweets.
8.The weather in China is different from______ in Australia now.
参考答案：
1.it 2.them 3.one 4.one 5.that 6.ones 7.those 8.that
8.复合不定代词的用法
注意：
♦ 修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式应当后置，如：
(9) I will tell you something new.
(10) He had nothing to eat yesterday.
- 辨析表否定的“no one，nothing与none”
◎实战练习
选择填空。
1.Is there ________ in that box?
A.something
B.nothing
C.anything
2.Would you like to give me ________ ? I am hungry.
A. anything to eat
B.anything delicious
C.something delicious
3.—How many people are there in the dining room?
— ________ .
A.Somebody
B.No one.
C.None
参考答案：
1.C 2.C 3.C